The Jungle †Analysis and Book Review

The Jungle – Analysis and Book Review Free Online Research Papers The Jungle Analysis: I feel extremely fortunate that as a whole, working families today do not experience as many tragedies as the characters in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle experienced during the beginning of the 20th century. While reading The Jungle I learned that the rights and welfare of the average American working man and woman have dramatically increased over the past hundred years. Although some of the same social, economic, and political problems still occur in our society, the problems are far less prevalent than they were during the time Sinclair wrote The Jungle. The novel follows the lives a large Lithuanian family during the early 1900s that immigrates to the United States in the pursuit of freedom and happiness. The family of eleven took what little money they had with them to the United States with the hope of escaping poverty and providing a better life for their children. After a long, arduous journey across the Atlantic Ocean, the family arrived in New York and was swindled out most of their savings by police who were supposed to protect them. The family continued to travel to Chicago (Packingtown), where they finally settled down. Upon arrival in Packingtown, the family found that the cost of living in the United States was far more expensive than in Lithuania. To further add to the family’s dismay, they learned that the only employment available to Cote Page 2 non-English speaking, uneducated, and hardworking immigrants like themselves in Packingtown was scarce, unstable, arduous, and dangerous. Packingtown was designed to mak e families dependent on working in factories. When an employee in a factory hurt themselves or was fell ill, they would quickly be tossed aside and filled with a fresh worker. Employers in Packingtown demanded 16 hour workdays from their employees and rewarded them with meat infected with tuberculosis, low wages, and fatigue. Large businesses were able to commit such atrocities because they paid off politicians, police, and union leaders. Another reason employers were able to treat their employees so badly was because unemployment was so high. There was a constant supply of working men and women to fill any persons job who may quit out of protest. Politicians had no desire to address the needs of their constituents and only had their own special interests in mind. Both the Democrat and Republican Parties bought votes and manipulated countless elections. The Democrat party was among the biggest offenders and was also the largest party in Packingtown. Men who held political office weren’t fresh young men who were elected every couple of years, they were the same, elder incumbents who had held office for 30 years or more. Although these incumbents had experience, they were often jaded and usually looked out for their interests first, large business interests second, and the working peoples interests last. One of the most tragic concepts I found in Sinclair’s novel was the class system. At the present we have the privilege to strive for a better life and attempt to better ourselves economically through education. During the early 1900’s, most of the people were born and Cote Page 3 died in the same class. The gap between the rich and the poor was extremely large and there was hardly any middle class citizens. Many of the immigrant families who flocked to the United States during the time actually left better circumstances in their home countries to work in places like Packingtown which killed men by overworking them. I found it extremely saddening to read about how the large Lithuanian family arrived in the United States with dignity, integrity, and determination only to loose it all to Packingtown. One of the main reasons why I feel the main character of the novel, Jurgis, embraced the Communist Party with such passion as he did was because he had experienced every social ill which the United States had offered at the time. His wife was forced into prostitution, his child died from neglect, many of his loved ones died from overwork and starvation, and countless friends and other family members continued to live the rest of their lives working in the slaughterhouses of Packingtown. The Communist Party was so popular at the time because citizens found that the Republican and Democrat parties weren’t doing enough for them. The Communist Party was built on the platform of helping the working men and women of the United States. Voters responded overwhelmingly in favor of Communism because they were tired of being mistreated by big businesses through the country. Although Communism was never a major political force in the United States for an extended period of time, I believe it sent a message to the major parties to reform or be thrown out by a non-corrupted party. Upon completion of The Jungle I found it extremely amazing how quickly technology and legislation has proved safer, cleaner, and less strenuous work environments in less then a Cote Page 4 hundred years. I credit the change of work conditions and environments to not only the politicians and inventors in this country, but to the working men and women who killed themselves trying to provide a better life for their families. Research Papers on The Jungle - Analysis and Book Review19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital PunishmentThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Hacking the Accounting Information System Research Paper

Hacking the Accounting Information System - Research Paper Example One of the companies which got hacked in recent times is Microsoft .inc. According to ( Smith,2012)â€Å"In simple terms computer hacking and cracking reflects, the intentional, unauthorized access to an organization’s computer system†. So the companies need to be alert and take considerable responsibility to secure its Accounting Information System (Thesis).Accounting Information System is a process which needs high security as many crucial and essential data are handled in it. Any business concern needs to take the responsibility to secure the confidential data so as to protect the company from hackers and unidentified encroachment. The business organisations have the responsibility to invent and install upgraded security system to ensure confidentiality and risk free environment for the company and its customers. Microsoft being the most prominent company in the world had been hacked few times .Thus the accounting information system along with the management has undergone many challenges and losses. The company was hacked in 2012 by a group of Chinese hackers and in 2013 a java script was injected in the business system of the company. The Microsoft security response centre states the Microsoft Active Protection was a program that provide security for program that gives anti –hacking tool facility. However, the Microsoft did deny that hacking was not done by Chinese group but it was a â€Å"rookie mistake†. They said it was due to dodgy email attachment. So here we can see that hacking can be done even if the e- mails which are socially engineered to disrupt the business system. As per (Peter,2013 ) â€Å"As reported by Face book and Apple, Microsoft can confirm that we also recently experienced a similar security intrusion," wrote Matt Thomlinson, General Manager of Microsofts Trustworthy Computing Security. Unlike the New York Times and the Wall

Book Review on Economic Sophisms, by Frdric Bastiat Essay

Book Review on Economic Sophisms, by Frdric Bastiat - Essay Example This argument is extended to high tariffs, because these tariffs do not benefit the consumer, only the manufacturer. Discussion Bastiat begins the argument by examining the theory of scarcity verses the theory of abundance. One of the arguments that protectionists put forth is that free trade causes a surplus of goods, and that this will drive down the price of goods sold. Bastiat refutes this argument by noting that, while the theory of scarcity does benefit the producers, the consumers are benefited when goods are abundant, and that, if man did not operate by the exchange of goods, abundance would be more beneficial to him in the long run (Bastiat, 1964, p. 10). Bastiat takes issue with the analysis of protectionists because it so heavily favors the side of the producers, while not looking at the perspective of the consumers. Protectionism produces scarcity and lessens the obstacles to production for the producers, but the consumer, who will have to pay higher prices because goods are scarcer, is not considered in the equation (Bastiat, 1964, p. 29). Further, Bastiat takes issue that the success of the foreign competitor will mean the failure of the domestic firm, even if the foreign competitor has better conditions to produce the commodity. ... However, Bastiat rejects this argument. Rather, Bastiat argues that each competitor can produce according to how strong he is, but it does not mean that one succeeds and one fails (Bastiat, 1964, p. 30). Furthermore, such an arrangement, where country A produces a commodity cheaper than country B, and is allowed to freely export the commodity into country B, benefits the consumers, and Bastiat sees this as an appropriate ends to the means (Bastiat, 1964, p. 42). A further error refuted by Bastiat, which is related to the previous error that countries do not have equal conditions of production, therefore protectionism is valid to protect the domestic firms from cheap imports, is that high taxes are needed on foreign imports to equalize the costs of goods. This is especially true when the targeted country has high domestic taxes. If the domestic taxes are high, then foreign tariffs must also be high. If this were not true, the domestic products would be substantially more expensive, du e to the high taxes, and would therefore be less desirable to consumers to buy then the foreign competitors. Bastiat refutes this by pointing out that the people get a return on their investment in these domestic taxes, through the building of roads, bridges and the like. However, the protectionist tariffs, argues Bastiat, are not for the good of the people, but for the producers. Yet the people pay to subsidize the firms. Further, free trade benefits the people, because exporting French goods means that other countries are paying the taxes that the French would be paying (Bastiat, 1964, pp. 48-49). Bastiat also makes the argument that protectionists are, essentially, making the

Immigration Reform Essay Example for Free

Immigration Reform Essay Those that legally enter America do so because we are a land of opportunity. They are able to apply their skills and talents to better themselves. In the meantime, they are part of the population that finds better ways of doing things (technological advances). Technological advances increase everyone’s standard of living. Those that come here illegally are hired by firms because of the cheapness of their labor this is the reason illegal immigration needs to be dealt with. But, in the end, money talks so the political question on illegal immigration will not be decided in the near future. There is a lot of disagreement over this. Many people contend that illegal immigration overwhelms government programs costing the country more in services than their labor provides. Both President Barack Obama and Fox News resident Michael Barone have points and idea on immigration reform and what should be done about it. In presidents Obama speech given in El Paso Texas, Obama gives his ideas on immigration reform. Obama gives four major points insides his speech his first point is that the government should enforce the law and secure the borders, second that businesses should be held accountable if they employ undocumented workers, thirdly for those who are here illegally to go through processing and â€Å"get in line for legalization†, lastly his DREAM act a way to reform our old regulations of illegal immigration giving immigrants the chance to get jobs and start businesses in America. In Obama’s speech he states different immigrants that have made the country more prosperous and that have lead in tech development. Obama states that American companies such as Intel, Google, Yahoo and eBay these companies that have created jobs for several Americans were all founded by immigrants. Obama states a way to strengthen the middle class is to get rid of undocumented works, by doing this you are getting rid of the underground economy that exploits cheap labor while getting rid of regular jobs to the average American. Michael Barone states that Obama rhetoric on immigration reform is hypocritical, he says that Obama is not really interested in passing a law and that he only gave the speech to get support from Latino voters. Barone claims El Paso was about election 2012 not serious immigration reform. According to Michael Barone’s article on Obama’s rhetoric, in the past Obama has not lift a finger to help in immigration reform. In 2007, 2009 and 2010 when bills were on the verge of eing passed for immigration laws Obama voted against the Latino community in each of these periods in time. Barone shows that Obama’s most attractive proposal to the people of El Paso, his DREAM act failed last December in a more democratic senate and won’t pass now. Michael Barone goes on to talk about a tool called E-verify which is an electronical system that is now available and can allow employers to verify the social security numbers of their employees. Barone says that if Obama was serious about the enforcement of illegal immigration he would call for mandatory E-Verify among companies and businesses. As for Barone’s idea of Obama not being serious about immigration reform, it is impossible for Obama to take back what he said about his ideas of what should be done involving immigration. Even if Obama wasn’t serious about immigration reform, what he said at El Paso can benefit in the future the legal immigrants and illegal immigrants that seek legalization that spent their lives or that are living in America. I agree with Barones idea of mandatory E-verify among businesses and companies since Illegal immigration can destroy our economy with its underground economy that denies jobs to anyone not willing to work underpaid. The idea of the DREAM act that cannot be passed now doesn’t surprise me in the slightest. Most proposals to congress aren’t passed right away; even throughout history it takes several years for a bill that gives more rights to others to actually be passed. Immigration reform is not a problem to America. Illegal immigration and employing undocumented workers as a cheap labor source destroys our economy and is the issue involving immigration. Immigration reform can allow legal immigrants the ability to make America as a whole prosper and develop while opening jobs and a chance to reach new technological advances ahead of other countries. With immigration reform and the DREAM act which I believe is still a possibility in our future, legal immigration can allow America as whole to reach the American dream.

Information and communications technology (ICT) Essay -- Essays Papers

Information and communications technology (ICT)? To illustrate the importance of Information and Communications technology (ICT) for the smooth running of a multi-site business. Information and communications technology is a system used to control, manage, process and create information through telecommunications technology and computers. (Otherwise known as ICT). Although information and communications technology describes a large range of systems there are still some underlining common features. An information system incorporates a group of people, equipment and procedures. It is there to collect, record, process, store, retrieve and present information. The importance of ICT for the smooth running of a multi-site business is paramount, the following are a number of ways in which ICT can improve your company’s performance; - Increased Efficiency: If programmed correctly, computers can monitor the data collection processes very efficiently, whilst also checking for human errors and providing help and guidance to the user. Most large scale organisations are using computer-assisted interviewing as standard in many of their surveys simply because of the remarkable achievements good data collection programs can make to reduce human error and speed processing in the collection of important information. - Speed and Processing Power: Modern computers are fast. They are able to complete tasks 100’s of times faster then we would be able to. Most computers are now so powerful, that computer users rarely come even close to utilising their full potential. - Cost Containment: ICT technology is an expensive thing to incorporate within your business however it will eventually create substantial cost savings through less time being wasted on laborious tasks and on recuperating human error. - Versatility: As computers become more powerful and efficient, you are able to make them do more varied and creative tasks. The average PC can already perform most multimedia functions such as reproducing photographic pictures as sharp as any film. The advantages can range from being able to create advertisements for your company to monitoring stock controls. - Departmental co-operation: With open and shared databases, it enables a company to remove barriers between departments giving staff more accurate information and greater competency to serve cus... ...aotic. The process companies, management and business, in general, are going through, are creating major opportunities and challenges for the business world. Companies are becoming adept at using information systems and technology because their potential is becoming apparent to them. ICT should be thought of as an investment that will deliver the benefits today and in the future. These benefits are of two main types: Improvements in infrastructural efficiency, as information systems replace old ones with systems that are more flexible, have greater reach and cost less to run, and new business opportunities made possible by new information systems. These opportunities include improvements in external and internal processes, tapping employees’ and external knowledge, and the creation of networked communities of customers and staff. ICT should be able to streamline your business, produce measurable improvements, but most importantly managers need to use the resource to be on the lookout for new business opportunities. BIBLIOGRAPGHY: 1. Heathcote.M .P, (1998) ‘A’ Level Computing 2. Cushings.S. (1997) GCSE Information Technology 3. Bastin.C. (1997) Access 97 Basics Unveiled

History and Memory Essay

To what extent has textual form shaped your understanding of history and memory? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text and at least one  other related text. The textual form of the poetry of Denise Levertov and the recount Pure Torture by Tom Moe has shaped the reader’s understanding of history and memory to a great extent. While history is represented generally as objective, impersonal, factual and static, memory is represented as subjective, personal, fragmented and fluid. Techniques applied by the composers are consistent with forging these representations. A close examination of the texts indicates that history and memory are distinct concepts, but they are also two elements which work together in an interdependent relationship to make a record of truth. A close study of A Letter to Marek about a Photograph shows how history and memory are both distinct entities, but that they work together to create a more complete representation of the truth. The poem provides a representation of the house’s history as static and objective through the adjectives used to describe the physical building: â€Å"wooden angles† and â€Å"fretted gables†. However, the composer’s memory of the context of the home provides a place filled with anxiety and worry through the use of the pun in â€Å"fretted gables†, and the metaphor â€Å"ornaments turned on the lathe of humor and trust†. While the physical photograph records in a cumulation of adjectives the â€Å"carpentered, unpainted, aging house †¦ in some white ghetto†, Levertov’s memory records the emotional context of the inhabitants of the house in the personification of the building: â€Å"the brooding face of anxiety† and â€Å"waking and sleeping†. Thus, one’s understanding of history and memory as two distinct yet interdependent elements in recording the truth has been shaped to a great degree through a close reading of A Letter to Marek about a Photograph. Similarly, in A Time Past Levertov conveys the idea of history and memory being distinct but interrelated elements in recording the past. While Levertov records the â€Å"wooden steps to the front door where I was sitting that morning† as an historic event, she intertwines the memory with the physical history of the steps. Human experience is deeply involved in the history of these steps through the senses in the tactile, aural and visual imagery. She can â€Å"feel their splinters†, the â€Å"quiet broken by no bird, no cricket†, and â€Å"gold leaves spinning in silence†. The human experience of emotion – â€Å"joy† and â€Å"love† and â€Å"cheerful, unafraid† – are captured in the record of the past. Although the memories are fragmentary in nature, like the splinters, they ironically complete the history. This fragmentary quality is captured in the various anecdotes involving the â€Å"friend and her little son who died†, â€Å"of marriage, of my son†, and â€Å"sitting alone or with my husband†. Although some memories may be blurred or faded over time – â€Å"or was it the second son who lives and thrives? † – The memories themselves do not lose their importance. While the steps play a significant place in terms of events in Levertov’s history, it is the memories involved with the steps which complete the record of truth, thus further enhancing one’s understanding of the relationship between history and memory. In Thai Binh (Peace) Province refers to Levertov’s â€Å"film† of the Vietnam War, both a physical and mental record of a past event. Textual form is very important in conveying the difference between history and memory, thus shaping the reader’s understanding of the two concepts. The historical documentation includes the repetition of the plosives â€Å"bombed†. The cumulation nouns for buildings – â€Å"hospitals †¦ â€Å"schools †¦ silk-factory† – help to convey the utter devastation of the country. This is contrasted by Levertov’s mental retreat to selectively â€Å"photograph within [her] dark sails of the river boats, warm slant of afternoon light†¦ † with the use of adjectives such as â€Å"perched, relaxed†¦ to show her retreat towards â€Å"peace within the long war†. Levertov uses juxtaposition of the â€Å"child with its feet blown off† to the â€Å"boy†¦ relaxed on a quietly grazing buffalo† effectively to provide a more thorough, comprehensive and complete record of the historical event, rather than a biased view of the history. She alludes to the history with the humanistic nature of her memory to make it more comprehensive. Thus, it is clear that the textual form of Levertov’s poem greatly enhances one’s understanding of history and memory being two distinct, yet interrelated, elements. The textual form of Tom Moe’s Pure Torture shows a clear distinction between history and memory, while it presents the notion that history and memory are interconnected to produce a more complete representation of the truth of past events. The first-person recount presented in chronological order is consistent with a recording of an historic event. Moe presents the facts of his five-year incarceration as a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War. As a documented memory, it presents a history, but with the added dimension of his personal perspective that only memory can provide. Moe details the horrific nature of the event, thus personalising it through the use of graphic detail and emotion giving a more accurate representation of the truth. The memory has been recorded and published about 23 years after the events occurred. The graphic details of Tom Moe’s physical harm have been depicted in Pure Torture. He describes their skin which became â€Å"waterlogged, looking like pale cheese, a crumbling coat of slimy flesh†. The use of simile and metaphor emphasise the physical effects of the treatment, personalising and individualising the experience. The memory of how his body deteriorated similarly highlights the unique human experience: â€Å"you could stick your finger into me up to your knuckle and pull it out leaving a hole that would slowly fill with fluid,† and â€Å"I was shocked at how my body looked like a bag of chicken bones. † The composer’s intention is clear; he intends to shock and fill the reader’s mind with his memory, and he is very successful in building images so that the record of history is far more accurate and comprehensive. A close examination of the documentary film Dear America: Letters from Vietnam stands as evidence that the textual form of media recording history and memory are intertwined in such a way that they give a complete record of the truth of an event. The historical record of actual footage of a soldier who has lost his foot, graphically details the man’s pain when he is in the field: â€Å"I’ve been hit †¦ (screams) †¦ I’ve been hit!! † Later, while he is being attended to by doctors, he describes the physical pain, â€Å"It’s that sharp nerve pain †¦ urning †¦ burning †¦ I know there’s not much left. I thought the whole thing was going to come off. † The witness to the event states: â€Å"I’ve never seen such bravery and guts before †¦ You should have seen my brave men. It would give you goose pimples. † This contrasts significantly with the footage: the focus on physical pain is turned in to a focus on mental and emotional qualities. The letter writer is selective in what he wants remembered: his focus is on the courage and bravery of the soldier, rather than the pain associated with it. It appears that the trauma is too close to be passed on to members of his family, and he is selective in what he records as his memory and what he contributes to their memory of the war. The footage of the night patrols is frightening, with bombardment in a montage of explosions, gunfire and fires in the jungle. The aftermath of a night patrol is recorded by a soldier who is called in to identify a body. He writes to his family: â€Å"It’s going to be hard for me to write this, but maybe it will make me feel better †¦ there on the table was a boy †¦ is eyes were open. I couldn’t really identify him. They told me his name: Rankin. I cried. God, it can’t be. But after looking at his face again †¦ it was him. It hit me like a shot. This was the first body I ever saw †¦ it was too much. I went outside and cried. It started raining at noon today †¦ it rained so hard. † The letter writer has used his memory in a therapeutic way, much lik e Tom Moe did in Pure Torture and Levertov has done in much of her poetry. The metaphoric tears from heaven helps describe the emotional impact this event has had on the soldier. This letter shows how the event moves from historic footage of a physical event to an emotional human response in the aftermath of the event. Thus, it is clear that while the historic recording of an event may communicate the actual detail of the event, the human response to the event is vital in giving a comprehensive account of that event. It is clear from the close examination of Levertov’s poetry and Pure Torture and Dear America that the responder’s understanding of history and memory is influenced to a great extent by the textual form of the text. The representations of the objectivity and the impersonal, factual and static nature of historical record is complemented by the representations of the subjectivity and the personal, fragmented and fluid nature of memory. Techniques applied by the composers to create textual form are consistent with forging these representations. History and memory are distinct concepts, but they operate together in an interdependent relationship to make a more comprehensive and accurate record of truth of past events.

The Juvenile Court An Adult Offender - 991 Words

The Juvenile Court was established in 1899, under the Juvenile Court Act. The Act was established under three principles; children at a certain age are too young to be held accountable for their actions, they are not mentally competent, and they are more likely to be rehabilitated than an adult offender. However, in the past years juvenile are committing more violent crimes that suggest they should be tried in criminal courts rather than juvenile courts. It is my belief that if a child under the age of 18 commits a violent crime they should be charged as an adult offender. Certain criteria should be established when charging a juvenile as an adult; at what age should a child know right from wrong, the type of crime a child has committed, and if the child is a repeat offender. These three things should be questioned when charging a child as an adult. Researchers have discussed that at the age between 12 and 15 is when a child starts to develop the understanding of their actions. Ps ychologically, their brain starts to advance into creating their own thought process. Dr. William Womack a Psychiatrist states that young children have not yet developed the mind set to value another human’s life. A minor who commits a crime at a young age should pay for the consequences as an adult would. Their thought process doesn’t start after they commit the crime, it starts before they commit the crime. I believe that when a minor commits a violent crime they know what they are doing.Show MoreRelatedJuvenile Offenders And Adult Court1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe dilemma of whether or not to transfer juveniles to adult court has been a major topic, for many years, in the United States. Since 1899, judges have had the option to transfer juveniles to adult court. The major factor for transferring juveniles to adult court since then has been the seriousness of the offense. That being said, juveniles only make up a small portion of violent crimes in the United S tates. 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